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Author(s): 

DAVARI ARDAKANI N.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2003
  • Volume: 

    53
  • Issue: 

    165
  • Pages: 

    99-116
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1552
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

This article investigates the role of prescription of linguistic NORMs in the language of SCIENCE. NORMative rules are applied in order to bring order into this process and to facilitate communication among experts. The paper analyses an example of a lexeme from the field of electronics in Croatian laguage in order to show how different modifiers in multiword lexical units change the conceptual frame of particular terms. These terms behave as polysemous lexemes whose meaning depends on the context and can hardly be prescribed and limited. The author concludes that instead of talking about the prescriptive NORMative concern,perhaps it would be more precise to talk only about the description of actual linguistic patterns, since language is always a step ahead, always following its own secret" ways and creating its own laws.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

MAHDAVI MOHAMMAD

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2017
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    47
  • Pages: 

    139-154
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    435
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The study has intended to survey the view of those refuting religious SCIENCE. As they believe, there may not be found any NORM by which one may attain religious SCIENCE and nonreligious SCIENCE separately. They study subject, method and goal of SCIENCE with regard to two levels of mind and objective reality. In the case of the latter, they disagree any meaning of religiousness, while in the former, they separate the position of judgement from that of gathering and claim that only on the position of gathering one may speak of religious SCIENCE. And finally it has been concluded that their explanation is based upon a fallacy in which the two positions of mind and objective reality have been replaced misleadingly, some of their claims oppose their epistemological principles, and some of their claims lack any proof and oppose what happened in the history of scienc.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    123-140
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    248
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Social SCIENCEs play an important role in the development. But it must be localized. To be able to adopt the structure and characteristic of the community. Positivists emphasize the lack of need for localization of social SCIENCE. But a critical approach believes that the specific values of any society, the process of knowledge production affects. Based on the theoretical concept of Cohen and metro, social SCIENCE NORM production could be localized adapt the ideas to real conditions of society, the most important feature is standard SCIENCEs. In this paper, using the methodology swot, weaknesses and strengths and opportunities and threats related to the identification & localization of social SCIENCEs has been determined. The findings show that capacity utilization in the history of Iranian scientists is an opportunity to develop scientific discourse. Non – application of the social SCIENCEs as well as the failure of the project will be to production of indigenous social SCIENCE.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

Sankey Howard

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    17
  • Issue: 

    45
  • Pages: 

    1-10
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    116
  • Downloads: 

    34
Abstract: 

The idea that SCIENCE is objective, or able to achieve objectivity, is in large part responsible for the role that SCIENCE plays within society. But what is objectivity? The idea of objectivity is ambiguous. This paper distinguishes between three basic forms of objectivity. The first form of objectivity is ontological objectivity: the world as it is in itself does not depend upon what we think about it; it is independent of human thought, language, conceptual activity or experience. The second form of objectivity is the objectivity of truth: truth does not depend upon what we believe or justifiably believe; truth depends upon the way reality itself is. The third form of objectivity is epistemic objectivity: this form of objectivity resides in the scientific method which ensures that subjective factors are excluded, and only epistemically relevant factors play a role in scientific inquiry. The paper considers two problems that arise for the notion of epistemic objectivity: the theory-dependence of observation and the variability of the methods of SCIENCE. It is argued that the use of shared standard procedures ensures the objectivity of observation despite theory-dependence. It is argued that the variability of methods need not lead to an epistemic relativism about SCIENCE. The paper concludes with the realist suggestion that the best explanation of the success of the SCIENCEs is that the methods employed in the SCIENCEs are highly reliable truth-conducive tools of inquiry. The objectivity of the methods of the SCIENCEs leads to the objective truth about the objective world.

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Title: 
Author(s): 

Mackaay ejan | borjian ali

Journal: 

Legal Research

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    21
  • Issue: 

    81
  • Pages: 

    35-64
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    938
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The term NORM inflation appears to be a generalization, towards all sources of law, of legislative inflation, defined as a disproportionate increase in the volume and length of legislation. As with monetary inflation, the overabundance of sings risk causing their devaluation (Carbonnier). Is this a benign illness or the symptom of systemic pathology of the legal system? Is it specific to our time or has it been known before? Are the effects visible throughout the law or confined to particular areas of it? If NORM inflation produces undesirable effects that deserve our attention, we should look at this scope, now and in the past, its foreseeable effects, its possible causes and remedies that might counter it. This article looks at the phenomenon of NORM inflation, with reference mostly to Canada, France, the UK and the USA, and with a glance at the Iranian situation. The article demonstrates how economic analysis can be used to broach the matter.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    17
  • Issue: 

    45
  • Pages: 

    300-316
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    124
  • Downloads: 

    12
Abstract: 

The Abrahamic religions include the three monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All of these religions consider Abraham as their ancestor, and they consider SCIENCE to be the knowledge of the universe and humanity, which are divine revelations. The framework of SCIENCE in the Abrahamic religions uses three basic concepts: 1) monotheism (as a fundamental principle, a single and all-encompassing Divine vision) 2) the universe (as a divine creation) 3) SCIENCE (as an all-encompassing knowledge about the world as the sign of God). The purpose of writing this paper is to find the common principles governing SCIENCE among Abrahamic religions, using a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources. The results of this research is an intellectual attempt to draw on the commonalities between various Abrahamic religions in the areas of constructive dialogue in the field of globalization, based on revelatory and spiritual teachings, to achieve the unification of the world, which is one of the divine promises and is rooted in the natural foundations of humanity.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    16
  • Issue: 

    9
  • Pages: 

    00-00
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    49
  • Downloads: 

    16
Abstract: 

This contribution deals with the mathematical modeling of R-NORM entropy and R-NORM divergence in quantum logics. We extend some results concerning the R-NORM entropy and conditional R-NORM entropy given in (Inf. Control 45, 1980), to the quantum logics. Firstly, the concepts of R-NORM entropy and conditional R-NORM entropy in quantum logics are introduced. We prove the concavity property for the notion of R-NORM entropy in quantum logics and we show that this entropy measure does not have the property of sub-additivity in a true sense. It is proven that the monotonicity property for the suggested type of conditional version of R-NORM entropy, holds. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of R-NORM divergence of states in quantum logics and we derive basic properties of this quantity. In particular, a relationship between the R-NORM divergence and the R-NORM entropy of partitions is provided.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    3 (پیاپی 37)
  • Pages: 

    291-298
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    683
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

مقدمه: دیابت پس از پیوند، یک عارضه مهم و شایع بعد از پیوند کلیه است و سبب افزایش خطر بیماری های قلبی عروقی، عفونت، کاهش بقای بافت پیوندی و افزایش مرگ و میر بیمار می شود. در این مطالعه اثربخشی ریپاگلیناید در درمان دیابت پس از پیوند کلیه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.روش ها: 16 بیمار با دیابت پس از پیوند کلیه تحت درمان قبلی با انسولین و/ یا متفورمین با ریپاگلیناید (Novo NORM, Novo Nordisk Pars)  درمان و به مدت 6 ماه پیگیری شدند. بیماران رژیم دارویی ایمونوساپرسیو یکسان شامل سیکلوسپورین، پردنیزولون و میکوفنولات موفتیل دریافت می کردند. درمان موفقیت آمیز با مقادیر HbAIC<%7 و گلوکز خون ناشتا در حدود mg/dl 90-130 به عنوان هدف اصلی و گلوکز خون دو ساعت پس از هر وعده غذا در حدود mg/dl 110-180 به عنوان هدف دوم تعریف شد.یافته ها: 15 بیمار به اهداف اصلی مطالعه رسیدند. میانگین HbA1C از 1.5±6.7 به 1.0±5.9 درصد کاهش یافت(P=0.001) . 12 بیمار به هدف دوم مطالعه نیز دست یافتند. 3 بیمار با اضافه کردن یک دوز انسولین رگولار قبل از وعده غذایی نهار به هدف دوم مطالعه نیز رسیدند. دوز داروهای ایمونوساپرسیو، وزن، نمایه توده بدنی (BMI)، کراتینین و پروتئین ادرار 24 ساعته قبل و بعد از مطالعه تغییر معنی دار آماری نداشت.نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که در نمونه مورد مطالعه این مرکز ریپاگلیناید یک داروی موثر بر دیابت پس از پیوند بوده و می تواند جایگزین درمان قبلی این بیماران با انسولین و/یا متفورمین شود.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    25
  • Issue: 

    3 (پی در پی 73)
  • Pages: 

    336-340
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1624
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

یکی از شیوه های بدیعی که طی 30 سال اخیر در غرب رایج شده است؛ توجه به ماخذ مقالات علمی به عنوان ابزاری برای بازیابی مقالات جدید، تحلیل محتوای آنها، ربط موضوعی میان نوشته ها و مسایلی از این قبیل می باشد. در واقع ارزش یک مقاله علمی بر اساس تاثیر در مقالات و نوشته های بعدی (حضور در ماخذ آنها) تعیین می شود. یکی از موسسات معتبر جهان که در زمینه معرفی مقالات معتبر علمی فعالیت می کند، Institute for SCIENCE Information (موسسه اطلاعات علمی) می باشد. SCI (SCIENCE Citation Index) از سال 1961 هر دو ماه یکبار توسط ISI منتشر می شود. این پایگاه مقالات بیش از 3300 عنوان مجله علمی و فنی برجسته جهان را نمایه می کند و از طریق آن می توان از میزان استنادهایی که به یک مقاله شده، اطلاع یافت.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2024
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    10-19
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    30
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on SCIENCE. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, SCIENCE and technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, SCIENCE Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As SCIENCE and technology continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If SCIENCE and technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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